总结一下我们三个NASA挑战过去的几个月里,NASA GrabCAD社区举办了一个挑战,要求被试设计一种灵活的、但承载层用于微重力和雷竞技网站入口重力。设计将被用作一个对接系统的一部分,可以阐明如何码头元素不完全一致的。
仅在过去的一年,美国航空航天局已经挑战了GrabCAD社区设计探测器,跨声速隧道、星翳,甚至为航天雷竞技网站入口器热保护盾牌;社区没有让人失望。
我们要感谢所有参与这一挑战由中心设计和空间架构(CDSA),这是美国宇航局约翰逊航天中心的设计工作室以人为中心的设计,概念发展,载人航天架构的快速原型。CDSA团队使用草图、工程分析、CAD建模、虚拟现实和物理模型来创建选项为人类探索太阳系内部。
下面是获奖者:
美国国家航空航天局挑战胜利者
首先
SlideGrid通过nazarii.vareshchuk-1
“这简单几何图形设计特点,利用伸缩梁作为主要的机制。系统发光的对细节的关注。光束交替减少差距,有内部和外部机制来援助的梁定心和系统的可靠性。总的来说,这是一个非常好的、非常深思熟虑的设计和地板的最强的概念。它满足所有的需求,随时可用。系统出现相对舒适的使用,一般满足MGAAMA需求。整个系统似乎是健壮的。多种机制来确保该系统的可靠性和鲁棒性。基本组件出现简单的制造与数控或其他技术和系统函数多年没有船员维护干预。梁似乎是模块化的,允许他们为维护和修理被移除。 The beams themselves have internal mechanisms that appear to be serviceable. Stress analysis shows that this system should be strong enough to withstand expected loads. The folding transport configuration proposed is very beneficial for the 40x40 by 40x40 MGAAMA used by the pressurized rovers. There are a few lips and potential pinch points, but the density of the beams reduces this considerably. It is regrettable that the gaps between beams are not completely eliminated, but they are sufficiently small that they should not interfere with translation of wheeled or walking crew, robots, or equipment. Additionally, a covering would eliminate this issue as was mentioned in the text. A 'fish-scale' covering is mentioned and would benefit this design; however, it was not implemented in the final design. The gaps are held to a minimal distance, allowing only very small objects to fall through. There is a risk of objects smaller in width than 3/4 inch to fall through. The rectangular sliders may increase wear on wheels as compared with circular sliders, but the alternating orientation of these sliders minimizes the gap between sliders, thus reducing the potential for wheels to get stuck between sliders. The complexity of all the mechanisms in this system could reduce overall reliability with multiple small issues. The sliders appear resilient to damage, but if the floor assembly needs to be removed it does look like a somewhat involved process.”
第二位
灵活的地板上滑块与管道通过muhammad.fikri-28
“这种设计将影响从现有技术和转换这个用例。伸缩杆为系统提供极大的灵活性和引入了一个水平的模块化和可维护性。燃料棒似乎容易更换,如果问题出现。走在这地板会相当容易。滑块的圆形截面将走在薄底鞋或袜子更舒适比滑动条锐利的边缘。这地板概念几乎看起来舒服,如果船员可以放松坐着或者躺着在下班的时候,它看起来几乎像一个按摩器。滑块的圆形形状可以减少受伤的可能性。建设似乎相当简单,将使地板上拆卸检查,修理,等等。但是,它将恼人的必须拆卸整个结构检索项下降。最好是如果可以一次删除小滑块组,一个足够大的数量能够达到在地板下工作。设计显得很健壮和应该有很长的使用寿命。 The analysis suggests the design will be sufficient for expected loads. The slider design does result in an intermittent, decreasing radius in slider in one direction only. Thus, it is possible that wheeled objects traveling in the direction of increasing radius might have a wheel fall into the gap and become stuck as it is pushed/pulled forward. However, either a double wheel or a wheel of sufficient thickness should eliminate this risk. The gaps between the slider pipes are a definite weakness that would require mitigation before a system like this could be used, but the circular cross section of the sliders offers significant advantages that are worthy of further study. This weakness is also somewhat mitigated by the fact that the sliders are oriented in the direction of travel instead of perpendicular. This will reduce the number of "traps" that can catch wheels and other small, protruding objects. The use of round instead of rectangular sliders will also reduce potential points of discomfort when physically interacting with the sliders. Nonetheless, a means to cover the gaps in the floor would be highly desirable.”
第三位
“这是一个简单而有效的设计。值得注意的是这一概念的清晰度超过设计要求俯仰和偏航。这给多的柔韧性和拉伸地板和偏航角。横滚和俯仰角度并不明确,可能不太灵活。酒吧格栅似乎也可导致方便维护程序。设计模块化,轻松可更换组件。似乎跟这个系统高可靠性。酒吧光栅似乎可拆卸维修。这也提供了访问控制武器。所有组件出现相对简单的生产。 Most components could be fabricated via CNC machining or 3D printing, with some design tweaks in mind. Some bearings and joints would be more difficult to fabricate. The structure is simple, with few moving parts and should be very reliable for a long time. The spacing between the slats is the greatest liability of this system. This is a function of placing the slats perpendicular to the direction of travel instead of parallel. Yaw offsets cause the gaps on one side to decrease while on the other they increase. This forces more spacing between slats than if the slats are parallel to direction of travel. Changes in length also increase the spacing. The spacing between slats will make walking mildly annoying but easily manageable. But because the gaps between slats are greater than the width of the slats themselves, a wheeled device may experience difficulties rolling over the floor. The gaps in the floor are extensive and anything smaller than an inch dropped on the floor is likely to fall through. Some aspects of the construction (e.g., slat to slat attachment) may be challenging to access to disassemble for inspection or repair.”
第四位
高度灵活的MGAAMA地板设计通过paul.kyum.lee-2
“这是一个非常深思熟虑设计使用伸缩梁和灵活的顶板岩层。它给伸缩梁和轴承的灵活性但最小化的缺点与伸缩梁大差距。这是一个非常灵活,因为这个健壮的系统。覆盖在结束减少差距小物品可以删除。板条之间只有很小的差异存在,因此是不那么容易的小物品掉在地上。概念是一般功能,和覆盖层的板条显然是为了使地板更加舒适的导线比如果船员走直接在降低板条。舱壁的盖板结束也旨在减少差距和不连续性。这是有趣的和值得原型和human-in-the-loop测试方法。组件可以方便地加工,或3 d印刷。设计是由这种类型的制造。 Many of the parts are able to be made with a CNC with others being off-the-shelf. They are relatively simple structures and should have long-term reliability. Deflection analysis shows that this system will withstand the weight. The individual slats appear to be modular such that any one of them could be taken apart for maintenance or replacement. The one major downside is a lack of verification for roll maneuvers. The paper states it is capable of 20 degrees roll, however there are no illustrations to prove this. It appears that roll will introduce issues with pinch points, lips, and gaps, however there this cannot be said with certainty. Also, the apparent locations of connectors are covered by other material making access difficult. Inspection, disassembly/assembly, and repair may be a time-consuming process.”
第五名
“这似乎是非常灵活和模块化设计,允许对特定部分被替换。它也比一些重量轻的设计。地板上应该很容易由一个不适宜的可否认的船员。所有组件都足够小,可以方便地加工,或3 d印刷。这个设计严重依赖于连接板的灵活性。如果他们是强大、灵活、可靠的然后做这个设计很好。连接板的间距似乎适合行走动作。虽然这个概念是一个有趣的方法灵活的地板上,细节不足被周围的兼容层组件。兼容层形成的大多数地板表面不是很好描述。它似乎是设计提供重要的灵活性,使用灵活地改变其形状随着地板的休息。 But it does not indicate how robust this material is to damage, how a foot or wheel will move on it, or how it will resist material being trapped in it or falling through it. It is also unclear how this floor can be maintained. This design appears to hold significant promise, but too many design details are glossed over - what is the compliant floor segment made from? Is it a flexible material or is it hinged metal? Do the secondary rails at each end attach to the bulkheads or is there a gap when under pitch? It was stated that it can be made by laser cutting, EDM, or 3D printing, which suggests a possible plastic or metal material. It is not clear how this will hold up over time, how it is installed, or how it could be repaired or replaced. It is also not clear if it will hold up to point loads. This would be problematic on Earth, but even more so in space missions where repair will be more difficult. If these are readily removable / replaceable components it will help significantly. The many gaps in this floor suggest that items will easily be dropped through it to the underside. Having empty space between the joints could cause pinch-points when the floor is flexed in particular directions. Worse, small, or sharp objects may become trapped in the gaps leading to damage of the compliant floor. The concept definitely needs a means to close out these holes. The issues of holes through the floor appear to be an easy problem to fix. A flexible cover across the joints would help this issue. A potentially interesting improvement to this design would be to cover each flexible floor piece with a stretchable substance - like a rubber material, using enough flexible floor pieces that the rubber could stretch and contract within the floor piece's range of motion. This might give a reasonably solid floor and might overcome all of the issues associated with trapping wheels, material falling through gaps, and may even help protect the compliant floor from damage.”
二等奖
“这个系统非常模块化与一些简单的组件,设计可靠性。所有组件出现相对容易生产。关节是常见的和众所周知的和板条大型铝型材提供力量。它使用常见的现成的关节和组件做一个非常简单的和健壮的系统。睡觉是简单的铝型材滑到自己提供拉伸。他们板条不连接,这意味着每个板条及其相关关节可以断开连接的维护或更换。关节是常见的使用现成的组件可能是伪造的。概念是一般功能,但是尺寸相对较大的板条(与其他概念)使表面更比板条宽度较小的可以是不规则的。由此产生的违规行为将创建一个轻微的不适感和困难在使用地板上。板条之间有小缺口,缺口增加球形接头界面在偏航和接口在球场上。 The potential exists for sharp edges and pinch points at the bulkhead edges and along the length of the slats, especially when in roll. Some of the bolts appear difficult to access and may require specialized tooling as a function of available clearances. Additionally, the linear bearing rail may be susceptible to dust. In an ideal scenario, this provides an excellent platform for translation. However, when the platform is angled the individual slats create lips which are large enough that they could produce tripping hazards and could inhibit wheeled items from translation across the platform. This most serious issue with this system is the lips that are formed when the platform is angled. If this were to be solved this would be a very reliable and capable system.”
“一个整体独特和设计能力。它占的唇对接舱口和可以滚动物品通过小斜坡。板条的张力桥是灵活,可以产生较强的和足够的翻译路径。板条的数量取决于应用程序和系统所需的角度。线的张力可调减少压力或增加刚性。大多数组件将容易制造。将无法制造电缆上,必须携带备件。可能有一个问题与板条下滑,未来靠得更近,这可能产生掐点。板条之间的差距不同辊MGAAMA制定,俯仰和偏航。这造成了潜在的危害和旅行机会轮子卡住。 The floor may be traversable by wheeled objects at some MGAAMA orientations but not at others. This may be a source of frustration for the crew. This is exacerbated with reduced visibility when carrying objects and with reduced mobility when in a suit. Safety and usability vary greatly with the quantity of slats and the angles associated with the walkway. With fewer slats and more extreme angles, a 'step' is created at each slat which could be a tripping hazard. A flexible platform on top of the slats could fix this issue. There are multiple small openings throughout the design, through the slats and wire. This could be fixed with a simple flexible cover. Without which, though, gaps in the floor will allow small items to fall through floor or become lodged in the floor. Maintenance and repair of this system looks to be fairly involved. There is a single line supporting all of the slats. If slats were to be added or removed, the entire assembly needs to come apart. There doesn't appear to be much of this system that could be removed in a modular fashion. The stability of the cable-based system is difficult to assess in the information provided. There may be lifetime issues with maintaining tension in cables and they appear difficult to access, especially the middle slats. The crew may be exposed to sharp edges during crew maintenance/inspection or attempts to retrieve fallen/trapped objects. Brackets and slats could be manufactured with CNC machining or 3D printing, however there are components which couldn't. These are the bearings, spring assembly, and the line itself. The line is a critical part of this assembly and cannot be manufactured with these techniques. If the line and bearings are sufficiently strong enough, this could be a long-lasting system. Fatigue on the line itself is the biggest concern. Although a unique concept, the single point failure of the line is hard to look past. This could be redesigned with this in mind to create a more reliable product.”
美国宇航局MGAAMA适应性板条走道通过nolan.greene-4
“整体设计是简单而有效的,灵感来自于一个已知的技术平台,改变长度。包括分析表明,该设计是这些应用程序的足够强大。所有组件似乎很容易制造与数控加工和/或3 d打印。它应该直接制造替代任何组件,即使在飞行。地板上没有许多开放空间项目失败。板条将提供一个光滑、连续的步行或滚动表面和设计似乎是强大和可靠,利用技术已经在使用。概念功能和出现高度可靠,但选定设计方案,以适应辊,音高,偏航是尴尬和机组人员将创建风险伤害和损失的物品进入该地区在地板上。任何音节或将导致滚地板之间的不连续段和舱壁,使交通更有挑战性的任何轮式系统并创建一个可能的危害。偏航住宿导致一个急转弯对接舱口。这将使翻译更加困难,可能会干扰舱口打开/装载。 The slat system partially limits loss of small items to the volume of the MGAAMA below the floor, but the segments at each end of the walkway both have very large gaps that are pinch points and hazards for getting a foot or wheel caught and where significant objects could be dropped. This is also the worst place for objects to fall due to possible entrapment with the gearing mechanism. And if the roller used to adjust floor length is compromised it could cause damage to the MGAAMA system. If a fallen item were to jam the mechanism it could cause damage the next time the MGAAMA articulates. The inherent design appears to not allow for modular disassembly. The platform arms are interlinked, meaning multiple would have to come off for maintenance. Access to many of the mechanisms will require considerable disassembly time, even for inspection.”
剪刀:设计和计算内存通过marcelo.valderrey-1
“这个系统似乎容易维护。整个系统是专为有重大的长期可靠性和质量保证金,可以用来增加可靠性。所有部件都很小,可以很容易用3 d印刷制作和加工系统自身携带一个大空间的栖息地。几乎任何陆地机械工厂可以做同样的事情。raybetapp下载话虽这么说,僵化的山峰在地板系统与剪刀机制将是一个潜在的船员不适的来源。虽然EVA的厚靴子套装将在很大程度上抵消走在这个表面的不适,简单的船员将不可避免地在某种程度上希望在这个表面只穿袜子或赤脚行走,导致明显的不适。此外,表面相对无情和MGAAMA下降对地板表面可能导致擦伤或很小的伤口。和最喜欢的概念有许多机会在地板上小物件可以落空。”
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